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Program to Find Prime Factors of a Number in C++ [How to]

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">How to Find Prime Factors [C++]</span></span></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">Goal:- </span>Program for Finding Prime factors of a given number.</span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">Method:-  </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">There are many methods which you can implement but as this post is only for beginners so I will try to keep it simple.</span><span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"> </span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">Basic Idea:- </span> If you are a beginner to coding or wants to become good coder the first step to work on your mindset.The way we approach the problem represent how good coder we are. So before you code anything try to understand the problem by dividing it into as many parts as you can. So let's start with the Prime Factors. </span></span></h3><div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Before We start writing a program which find prime factors of a number we must learn what is the prime factor or How we calculate them in math.</span></span></h3></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Prime Numbers- </span>Numbers which are only divisible by 1 or itself. Like 5,2,3</b></span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Prime Factors-  </span>Breaking down a Number into combination of Prime Numbers.</b></span></span></h3></div><div><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"></span></span><br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">Example:- </span>Here we will break down 24 into its Prime Factors-</span></span></h3><div><h4 style="text-align: left;"></h4><h3 style="text-align: left;"></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"></h3><h4 style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>24 -- 2 X <span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">12 </span></li>
</ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>24 -- 2 X <span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">2 X 6</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"> (2 is a prime number but 12 isn't )</span></li>
</ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>24 -- 2 X 2 X <span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">2 X 3</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"> (Similar to above 6 wasn't a prime number)</span></li>
</ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>24 --  2 X 2 X 2 X 3 (All numbers are the prime number.)</li>
</ul></h4><ol style="text-align: left;"></ol><ol style="text-align: left;"></ol><ol style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">    </span></span></ol></div></div><script async="" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script><br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">Program:-</span></h3><span style="font-size: large;"><script class="brush: java" type="syntaxhighlighter">
int main()
{
cout << "Enter a number: ";
int num;
cin >> num;

cout<<"The prime factors are: ";

for (int i=2; i <= num; i++)
{
 while(num % i == 0)
 {
   num = num/i; // "num" divided by "i" is now "num"
   cout<<i<<" ";
 }
}
}

</script></span>

<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Output:-</span></span></h3><div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Enter a number:24</span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The prime factors are: 2 2 2 3</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;">
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<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">
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<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;"></span></span></div><h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #93c47d; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;"></span></span></h3><div style="text-align: left;">
<h3 style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: bitter, serif, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red; line-height: 19.1875px;">If you want to share more information about topic discussed above or find anything incorrect Please do comments.</span>  </span></h3></div><span style="font-family: "bitter" , serif , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b style="color: #333333;">For more Programs Stay Connected</b><span style="color: #333333;">..</span><a href="http://www.facebook.com/codieehome" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Like</span></a><span style="color: #333333;"> us on Facebook.</span></span></div>

Program to Find Prime Factors of a Number in C++ [How to]

How to Find Prime Factors [C++] Goal:- Program for Finding Prime factors of a given number. Method:- There are many methods which you can...

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LRU Page Replacement Program in C++[How to]

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #3d85c6; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Least Recently Used  Page Replacement</span></h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">Goal:- </span>Program for LRU page replacement Method.</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">Method:-  </span>Replace the page that has not been used for the longest period of time.</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">Explanation:- </span>As we seen in <a href="http://codieehome.blogspot.in/2013/10/program-for-fifo-page-replacement.html" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><u>FIFO page Replacement</u></span></a> Algorithm the problem is Belady's Anomaly and this lead us to discovery of an <a href="http://codieehome.blogspot.in/2014/12/optimal-page-replacement-program-in.html" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><u>Optimal Page Replacement</u></span></a> method that will have minimum page fault rate.But the problem in Optimal Page Replacement is that it requires the future knowledge. So in the place of optimal we can take a approximation of optimal in which we look for the pages that has not been used for a long time and predict that they will not be used in near future.</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">So whenever a replacement request comes then we replace the new page with the page which has not been used for a long time and this method page replacement is known as Least Recently used(LRU) method.</span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">For evaluating an algorithm we take a particular string of memory references ,called<span style="color: red;"> reference string</span>.</span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">The LRU method is often used and considered to be good.</span></h3>
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">The problem with this algorithm that how to implement LRU and there are several methods of implementing LRU. To know you can check my post(about to come).</span></span></h3>
</div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="color: red; font-weight: normal;">Page Fault:- </span><span style="font-weight: normal;"> Page Fault is a interrput that occurs when a program request page that is not in real memory.Then this interrput sends signal to OS to fetch that page from Virtual memory and load it into RAM.</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">**Program explained here counts the no. of page fault occurs  when a input reference string is implemented onto Memory according to LRU replacement method.</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Example:-</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">               </span>Reference string- 7,0,1,2,0,3,0,4</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">                 No. of frames: 3</span></span></h3>
<h3>
<table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="10"><tbody>
<tr>   <th rowspan="2"><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Frame NO.</span></h3>
</th>   <th colspan="9"><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Reference String(Page Values)</span></h3>
</th> </tr>
<tr>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Initially</span></h3>
</th>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">7</span></h3>
</th>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</th>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">1</span></h3>
</th>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">2</span></h3>
</th>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</th>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">3</span></h3>
</th>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</th>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">4</span></h3>
</th> </tr>
<tr>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">-1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="color: red; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">7</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">7</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">7</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="color: red; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">2</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">2</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">2</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="color: red; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">4</span></h3>
</td> </tr>
<tr>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">2</span></h3>
</td>    <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">-1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">-1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="color: red; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</td> </tr>
<tr>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">3</span></h3>
</td>    <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">-1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">-1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">-1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="color: red; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">3</span></h3>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">When any page value already presented in frames then no page fault will occur.</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<script async="" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script><br />
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<ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1000631018247743" data-ad-slot="8769746517" style="display: inline-block; height: 90px; width: 728px;"></ins><br />
<script>
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
</script><br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Program:-</span></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: 12px;"><br />
<script class="brush:java" type="syntaxhighlighter">
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<conio.h>
int main()
 {
          int nop,nof,page[20],i,count=0;
          cout<<"\n\tEnter the No. of Pages:";
          cin>>nop;  //Store the no of Pages
          cout<<"\n\t Enter the Reference String:";
          for(i=0;i<nop;i++)
          {
          cout<<"\t";
          cin>>page[i]; //Store the pages
          }
          
          cout<<"\n\t Enter the No of frames:-";
          cin>>nof;
          int frame[nof],fcount[nof];
          for(i=0;i<nof;i++)
          {
          frame[i]=-1; //Store the frames
          fcount[i]=0; //Track when the page is last used
          }
          i=0;
          while(i<nop)
          {
            int j=0,flag=0;
            while(j<nof)
            {
               if(page[i]==frame[j]){  //Checking whether page already exist in frames or not
               flag=1;
               fcount[j]=i+1;
               }
               j++;
            }    
            j=0;   
            cout<<"\n\t**************************************\n";
            cout<<"\t"<<page[i]<<"-->";    
            if(flag==0)
            {
             int min=0,k=0;
              while(k<nof-1)
                {
                 
                  if(fcount[min]>fcount[k+1]) //Calculating the page which is least recently used
                    min=k+1;
                  k++;
                }
               frame[min]=page[i]; //Replacing it
               fcount[min]=i+1;    //Increasing the time 
               count++;           //counting Page Fault
            
           
            while(j<nof)
            {
               cout<<"\t|"<<frame[j]<<"|";
               j++;
            }
            
             }
           i++;  
            
          }
          cout<<"\n\t**************************************\n";
          cout<<"\n\tPage Fault is:"<<count;
          getch();
          return 0;
}        
      
</script>
</span>

<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Output:-<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTroGSSZRAzN7XVNz-ZIv8EH7p6-MiJpFMxICx9unC1uUutG0eO5PHz9fn4uaI_1xmh_t60MCATjaQEFHfB3z1_OJe7RB2OcUprGGTzDbA1ArwbNcrtiqIMY08xqy0troHyzZ3cJguR6g1/s1600/LRU.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTroGSSZRAzN7XVNz-ZIv8EH7p6-MiJpFMxICx9unC1uUutG0eO5PHz9fn4uaI_1xmh_t60MCATjaQEFHfB3z1_OJe7RB2OcUprGGTzDbA1ArwbNcrtiqIMY08xqy0troHyzZ3cJguR6g1/s1600/LRU.png" /></a></div>
</span></span></h3>
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #93c47d; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></h3>
<div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Bitter, serif, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red; line-height: 19.1875px;">If you want to share more information about topic discussed above or find anything incorrect Please do comments.</span>  </span></h3>
</div>
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LRU Page Replacement Program in C++[How to]

Least Recently Used Page Replacement Goal:- Program for LRU page replacement Method. Method:- Replace the page that has not been us...

+ Read more »

Optimal Page Replacement Program in C++[How to]

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #3d85c6; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Optimal Page Replacement</span></h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">Goal:- </span>Program for Optimal page replacement Method.</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">Method:-  </span>Replace the page that will not be used for the longest period of time.</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">Explanation:- </span>As we seen in <a href="http://codieehome.blogspot.in/2013/10/program-for-fifo-page-replacement.html" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><u>FIFO page Replacement</u></span></a> Algorithm the problem is Belady's Anomaly and this lead us to discovery of an algorithm that will have minimum page fault rate.The search ends at Optimal Page Replacement.</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Optimal Page replacement algorithm will never suffer from Belady's Anomaly.</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Use of this algorithm guarantees the lowest page fault rate for fixed no. of frames.</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">For evaluating an algorithm we take a particular string of memory references ,called<span style="color: red;"> reference string</span>.</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">In Optimal page replacement algorithm- for each page we track the time when it was brought into the memory and when any replacement request comes then we look for the page which is not going to be used in next future. </span></span></h3>
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">The problem with this algorithm that it is difficult to implement because it requires the future knowledge of reference string.<u><a href="http://codieehome.blogspot.in/2014/12/lru-page-replacement-program-in-chow-to.html" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">(How LRU solve this problem check here?)</span></a></u></span></span></h3>
</div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="color: red; font-weight: normal;">Page Fault:- </span><span style="font-weight: normal;"> Page Fault is a interrput that occurs when a program request page that is not in real memory.Then this interrput sends signal to OS to fetch that page from Virtual memory and load it into RAM.</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">**Program explained here counts the no. of page fault occurs  when a input reference string is implemented onto Memory according to optimal replacement method.</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Example:-</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">               </span>Reference string- 7,0,1,2,0,3,0,4</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">                 No. of frames: 3</span></span></h3>
<h3>
<table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="10"><tbody>
<tr>   <th rowspan="2"><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Frame NO.</span></h3>
</th>   <th colspan="9"><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Reference String(Page Values)</span></h3>
</th> </tr>
<tr>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Initially</span></h3>
</th>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">7</span></h3>
</th>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</th>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">1</span></h3>
</th>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">2</span></h3>
</th>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</th>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">3</span></h3>
</th>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</th>   <th><h3>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">4</span></h3>
</th> </tr>
<tr>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">-1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="color: red; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">7</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">7</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">7</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="color: red; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">2</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">2</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">3</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="color: red; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">4</span></h3>
</td> </tr>
<tr>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">2</span></h3>
</td>    <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">-1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">-1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="color: red; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">0</span></h3>
</td> </tr>
<tr>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">3</span></h3>
</td>    <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">-1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">-1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">-1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="color: red; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1</span></h3>
</td>   <td><h3>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">1</span></h3>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">When any page value already presented in frames then no page fault will occur.</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Program:-</span></span></h3>
<script class="brush:java" type="syntaxhighlighter">
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<conio.h>
int main()
 {
          int nop,nof,page[20],i,count=0;
          cout<<"\n\tEnter the No. of Pages:";
          cin>>nop;          //Store the no of pages
          cout<<"\n\t Enter the Reference String:";
          for(i=0;i<nop;i++)
          {
          cout<<"\t";
          cin>>page[i]; //Array for Storing Reference String
          }
          
          cout<<"\n\t Enter the No of frames:-";
          cin>>nof;
          int frame[nof],fcount[nof];
          for(i=0;i<nof;i++)
          {
          frame[i]=-1;  //Frame Array
          fcount[i]=0;  // Track the next Availability of frames
          }
          i=0;
          while(i<nop)
          {
            int j=0,flag=0;
            while(j<nof)
            {
               if(page[i]==frame[j]){ // Checking Whether the Page is Already in frame or not
               flag=1;
               }
               j++;
            }    
            j=0;   
            cout<<"\n\t**************************************\n";
            cout<<"\t"<<page[i]<<"-->";    
            if(flag==0)
            {
              if(i>=nof)
              {
             int max=0,k=0;
             while(k<nof)
             {
                int dist=0,j1=i+1;
                while(j1<nop)
                {
                if(frame[k]!=page[j1])  //Calculating Distances of pages that are in the frame to their next occurence
                dist++;
                else
                { 
                break;
                }
                j1++;
                }
               fcount[k]=dist; //Storing Distances into array
              k++;   
             }            
             k=0;
              while(k<nof-1)
                {
                 
                  if(fcount[max]<fcount[k+1]) //Finding out the maxximum distance
                    max=k+1;
                  k++;
                }
               frame[max]=page[i];   
             } 
             else {
                  frame[i%nof]=page[i];
                  }
               count++;  // Increasing Page Fault.
            
           
            while(j<nof)
            {
               cout<<"\t|"<<frame[j]<<"|";
               j++;
            }
            
             }
           i++;  
            
          }
          cout<<"\n\t**************************************\n";
          cout<<"\n\tPage Fault is:"<<count;
          getch();
          return 0;
}        
</script>

<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Output:-</span></span></h3>
<div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXkKgSTecaNMJo4wBA9aAruAv0-zU-wIon30F1pbc4ZLkkv842PPnGRZRvE3JKS76Rx6aMESuHz0aXiRAdqzmmfx2z7xCWSxsSbSRhBVBcigOc3bIpJg7hBO7HFey2YhK3gb8DQUXAWW9_/s1600/optimal.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXkKgSTecaNMJo4wBA9aAruAv0-zU-wIon30F1pbc4ZLkkv842PPnGRZRvE3JKS76Rx6aMESuHz0aXiRAdqzmmfx2z7xCWSxsSbSRhBVBcigOc3bIpJg7hBO7HFey2YhK3gb8DQUXAWW9_/s1600/optimal.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Optimal Page Replacement</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #93c47d; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></h3>
<div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Bitter, serif, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red; line-height: 19.1875px;">If you want to share more information about topic discussed above or find anything incorrect Please do comments.</span>  </span></h3>
</div>
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Optimal Page Replacement Program in C++[How to]

Optimal Page Replacement Goal:- Program for Optimal page replacement Method. Method:- Replace the page that will not be used for the...

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Life Cycle of a Process [Operating System]

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h2 style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Life Cycle of a Process</span></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">Goal:- </span>How a process changes its state while execution ?</span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #93c47d; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">Explanation:- </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">As we know a program in execution is a process.As a process </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">executes it changes state. The state of the process is defined by the current activity of that process. Each process may be in one of the following states:- </span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">New</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Ready</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Running</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Waiting</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Terminated</span></span></li>
</ol><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">The above five states are standard states for a process in which a process remain in their life cycle.These states are found on all systems but there can be difference of naming conventions.Except of these states there are two more states which we will discuss in this post. They are</span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">Suspended Ready</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">Suspended Wait.</span></li>
</ol><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Figure-1 Shows the life cycle of a Process:-</span></span></h3><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVJGs5AWGCvvczYOg_zghIQ0baLt-Kaj1K2Zi_y2k-ogYAP8qVE2cCkyA52Ilo2yfgNDbbNWSKlMr20EjFhuYEGMlNN9kLI4M9Gso2GDKBhy9zwfmoAhn61xhzIbN4GlsodO9IhRnzF9FU/s1600/process.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="347" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVJGs5AWGCvvczYOg_zghIQ0baLt-Kaj1K2Zi_y2k-ogYAP8qVE2cCkyA52Ilo2yfgNDbbNWSKlMr20EjFhuYEGMlNN9kLI4M9Gso2GDKBhy9zwfmoAhn61xhzIbN4GlsodO9IhRnzF9FU/s1600/process.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure-1 States of a Process<br />
<br />
</td></tr>
</tbody></table><script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 19px;">Now we will start with description of each state:-</span></div><div><h3><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">New:-  </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">If the process is in new state that means either the process is under creation or is being created.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f;">Ready:-</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f;"> </span>After the successful creation of a process, it is placed in Ready state by Long Term Scheduler. In this state process will wait to be assigned to a processor.In this state we can have <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">a multiple no. of processes.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Running:- </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">From the Ready state one of the process is selected and it will be scheduled or Dispatched to the Running State by Short Term Scheduler. If a process is in Running state that means instructions of the process are being executed.   ****Only <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">one process will reside in memory(Running State)</span> at any point of time.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Waiting:-</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">If any running process require any input/output operation the process will be moved into wait state. ** In wait state, multiple process are there. Multiple process will perform their I/O simultaneously.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f;">Terminated:- </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">The Process has finished execution.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f;">Suspended Ready:-  </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">When the large no. of process are created and resources are short enough to manage the process then some of the process will be suspended and moved to suspended ready state. Whenever the resources are sufficient the process are resume back to the ready state by Mid term Scheduler.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f;">Suspended Wait:- </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> When resources are short enough to manage the process in wait/block state  then some of the process will be suspended and moved to suspended block state. Whenever the resources are sufficient the process are resume back to the wait state by MTS. </span></span></li>
</ol><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">-->**When the Process is in Suspended Ready or Suspended wait, it reside in secondary memory or Backing Store.</span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">So this is all about Life cycle of a process and if I really helped you please let me know via comment.</span></h3></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div><h3 style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Bitter, serif, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red; line-height: 19.1875px;">If you want to share more information about topic discussed above or find anything incorrect Please do comments.</span>  </span></h3></div><span style="font-family: Bitter, serif, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b style="color: #333333;">For more Concepts Stay Connected</b><span style="color: #333333;">..</span><a href="http://www.facebook.com/codieehome" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Like</span></a><span style="color: #333333;"> us on Facebook.</span></span></div>

Life Cycle of a Process [Operating System]

Life Cycle of a Process Goal:- How a process changes its state while execution ? Explanation:- As we know a program in execution is a proces...

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How to do[Implement] Swipe in Android[In Eclipse]

package com.example.gesture;
       
      import android.os.Bundle;
      import android.app.Activity;
      import android.view.GestureDetector;
      import android.view.GestureDetector.OnGestureListener;
      import android.view.Menu;
      import android.view.MotionEvent;
      import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnGestureListener {
 
 private int AJ=100; //AJ is a threshold value which specifies the length of your swipe.
 
 private GestureDetector gd;
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
  gd = new GestureDetector(getApplicationContext(),MainActivity.this);
  
  
 }

@Override
 public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
  // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
  getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
  return true;
 }

@Override
 public boolean onDown(MotionEvent arg0) {
  
  return false;
 }

@Override
 public boolean onFling(MotionEvent arg0, MotionEvent arg1, float arg2,float arg3) {
  
  if((arg0.getX()-arg1.getX())>AJ) //calculating if the swipe length is more than threshold or not
  {
   Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"LeftSwipe",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
  }
  if((arg1.getX()-arg0.getX())>AJ)
  {
   Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"RightSwipe",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
  }
  if((arg0.getY()-arg1.getY())>AJ)
  {
   Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"UpSwipe",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
  }
     if((arg1.getY()-arg0.getY())>AJ)
  {
   Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"DownSwipe",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
  }
  
  return false;
 }

@Override
 public void onLongPress(MotionEvent arg0) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  
 }

@Override
 public boolean onScroll(MotionEvent arg0, MotionEvent arg1, float arg2,
   float arg3) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  return false;
 }

@Override
 public void onShowPress(MotionEvent arg0) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  
 }

@Override
 public boolean onSingleTapUp(MotionEvent arg0) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  return false;
 }
    //this method is called when we place our finger on the screen.
   // check the return value of method, in this program it is the only method where we use our Gesture detector object.
 @Override
 public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  return gd.onTouchEvent(event); 
 }

}
</script><br /></div>
<h3 style="font-size: 19px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #93c47d; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span></h3>
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #93c47d; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">Output:- </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"> I don't think that there is a need of uploading the output of this program.When you run this app there is blank screen because we didn't add any component in layout file. When you swipe the screen then there will be a toast message specifying the type of your swipe.</span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"> *In the toast message Toast.LENGTH_LONG is used so you need to wait for next toast message. </span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">*If you face any problem in implementing this code ,tell me via comments.</span></h3>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">* </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 19px;">If you need any program or any help in programming then <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #93c47d;"><a href="http://codieehome.blogspot.com/p/contact-us_15.html" target="_blank">Request Here</a> </span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 19px;"><br /></span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Bitter, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red; line-height: 19.1875px;">If you want to share more information about topic discussed above or find anything incorrect Please do comments.</span>  </span></h3>
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How to do[Implement] Swipe in Android[In Eclipse]

How to do Swipe in Android Goal:- Detecting swipe events in Android ? Explanation:- Android supports eight gestures and Swipe is o...

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Mutility(Nine in One)

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
                                    <span style="color: #45818e; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Mutility (Nine in One )</span></h2>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Mutility is a Light Weighted application which contains nine different  utilities in it.</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The various things that can be done :-</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1.You can store your passwords and fetch them again when you need them</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;">.</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">2. You can Locate yourself and find your exact location in seconds.</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
3. <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now the Important one ,you can easily find atm ,railway stations,libaries and so many things in just a click of button.</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
4. <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A surprising Tricky game.</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
5.<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Search  any Place on Maps by name or Pincode.</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
6. <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Tic-Tac-Toe Game.</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
7. A <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Light and Efficient Browser.</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">8. A Currency Converter.</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
9.  <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Flash Light Utility</span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">All the searching is faster than google's inbuilt applications.</span></h4>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #45818e;">Requirements:-</span></span></h3>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #45818e; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">       </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Android 2.3 or upper.</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">       Size--2.38 MB</span></h4>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #45818e;">Download Link</span> -</span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">       </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=sgapps.firstapps.mutility" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="74" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrY8-aP31qhswQvswHxr-AIhq9z4BooKWPslTxcHid2iwivrBXzNLkLxHcq_xBVi_Wp1GgpNEEPffTBghiURKBi-8AzW93NTR6hjuVU9Yzy0O6t3Yvg52Pz9BgFIGO2zYkpv4sE4Eva8sF/s1600/play.jpg" width="200" /></a></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">    </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">  </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;"></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://filedir.com/android/tools/mutility-10784583.html" rel="nofollow" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="Mutility / Android" border="0" height="65" src="//filedir.com/i/getitblack.png" title="Mutility / Android" width="200" /></a></span></h3>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Don't forget to give us rating or your suggestion that will help us to make application better for you.</span></h3>
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Mutility(Nine in One)

Mutility (Nine in One ) Mutility is a Light Weighted application which contains nine different ut...

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Program For Banker's Algorithm (Safety Sequence) in C[How to]

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Banker's Algorithm</span></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">Goal:- </span> C program For Banker's Algorithm.</span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">Method:-  </span>Simple Rules Of Banker Algorithm.</span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">Explanation:-  </span>Banker's Algorithm is a deadlock avoidance algorithm that checks for safe or unsafe state of a System after allocating resources to a process.</span></span></h3><h3><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">When a new process enters into system ,it must declare maximum no. of instances of each resource  that it may need.After requesting operating system run banker's algorithm to check whether after allocating requested resources,system goes into deadlock state or not. If yes then it will deny the request of resources made by process else it allocate resources to that process.</span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">No. of requested resources (instances of each resource) may not exceed no. of available resources in operating system and when a process completes it must release all the requested and already allocated resources.</span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">For implementing Banker's algorithm we should have pre-knowledge about three things:-</span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">How many instance of each resource a process could request. (Max)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">How many instance of each resource is already allocated to that process(Allocated)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">How many instance of each resource is already available(Available).</span></li>
</ul><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">We can calculate need of each process from above information:-</span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">               Need=Max - Allocated.</span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">If need<=available then request will be accepted otherwise it is denied and it will check for next process in waiting queue.(See <a href="http://codieehome.blogspot.in/2014/11/life-cycle-of-process-operating-system.html" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Life Cycle Of a Process</span></a>)</span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #93c47d; font-weight: normal;">Safe or Unsafe State:-</span><span style="font-weight: normal;"> A system is in Safe state if its all process finish its execution or if any process is unable to aquire its all requested resources then system will be in Unsafe state. </span></span></h3><div><script async="" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script><br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #93c47d;">Example:-  </span>To understand banker's algorithm,we consider a system with four processes P1 through P4 and three resource type A,B and C.Resource type has 10 instances,B has 5 instances and C has total 7 instances.</span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Current Scenario:-</span></span></h3><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiJqWaqQHflPwyt8nDoEI0yJoxTFBcCCeF01DGuGvcm89I2mi3lrCWX37tsdK7t28I6nbUMBsxbYLe8QUOP34zr1esJsj538CB_BumG7UYy7CFf4ow0m47MFseYBCK4lbcHnFWTyVxPXNf/s1600/CropperCapture%5B1%5D.Bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiJqWaqQHflPwyt8nDoEI0yJoxTFBcCCeF01DGuGvcm89I2mi3lrCWX37tsdK7t28I6nbUMBsxbYLe8QUOP34zr1esJsj538CB_BumG7UYy7CFf4ow0m47MFseYBCK4lbcHnFWTyVxPXNf/s640/CropperCapture%5B1%5D.Bmp" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Table-1</td></tr>
</tbody></table><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">Need[P2] < Available..So P2 we allocate resources to P2. After Completion of P2 ,Scenario...</span></h3><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs9rjTJ5i9enrS1FYxxenjvRbFUqUwYRsNDj3vPik_dlsWgLzdNMxvFc9o5KWjpg89tcgcotgdE4IsD2Oki1q7Jr-cQKWaffhVzDvPh7BRV5Jtud1sfVdrYknSKRb8B_fpG3NclvIpIAeU/s1600/CropperCapture%255B4%255D.Png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="152" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs9rjTJ5i9enrS1FYxxenjvRbFUqUwYRsNDj3vPik_dlsWgLzdNMxvFc9o5KWjpg89tcgcotgdE4IsD2Oki1q7Jr-cQKWaffhVzDvPh7BRV5Jtud1sfVdrYknSKRb8B_fpG3NclvIpIAeU/s640/CropperCapture%255B4%255D.Png" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Table-2</td></tr>
</tbody></table><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Now Need[P4] < Available so P4 will complete its execution .After that--</span></span><br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></h3><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNDsdRu-hr9U40fMJOGqkkqrTGJfhpakz9OElauh2I_zWkCGIxpvjsiaHLZOVr7RHfFtqNRC998MAtMYRPUJU8wacIt9hoBi5uI90YDtN_AdmlyGkRJsDBa69hZa0xxlJIflSFhnVO-Yuu/s1600/CropperCapture%255B1%255D.Png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="124" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNDsdRu-hr9U40fMJOGqkkqrTGJfhpakz9OElauh2I_zWkCGIxpvjsiaHLZOVr7RHfFtqNRC998MAtMYRPUJU8wacIt9hoBi5uI90YDtN_AdmlyGkRJsDBa69hZa0xxlJIflSFhnVO-Yuu/s640/CropperCapture%255B1%255D.Png" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Table-3</td></tr>
</tbody></table><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">So P1 will execute and after that P3 will take resources.</span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">  <span style="color: red;">Safe Sequence is :-   P2 , P4, P1,P3</span> (we can obtain one more sequence if we allocate resources to P3 before P1 .)</span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">Program:-</span></h3><span style="font-size: large;"><script class="brush: java" type="syntaxhighlighter">
#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()
 {
   int process,resource,i,j,instanc,k=0,count1=0,count2=0; //count,k variables are taken for counting purpose

printf("\n\t Enter No. of Process:-\n");

printf("\t\t");

scanf("%d",&process);                            //Entering No. of Processes

printf("\n\tEnter No. of Resources:-\n");

printf("\t\t");
   scanf("%d",&resource);                       //No. of Resources

int avail[resource],max[process][resource],allot[process][resource],need[process][resource],completed[process];

for(i=0;i<process;i++)
   completed[i]=0;                             //Setting Flag for uncompleted Process

printf("\n\tEnter No. of Available Instances\n");

for(i=0;i<resource;i++)
    {
     printf("\t\t");

scanf("%d",&instanc);

avail[i]=instanc;                        // Storing Available instances
    }

printf("\n\tEnter Maximum No. of instances of resources that a Process need:\n");

for(i=0;i<process;i++)
     {
        printf("\n\t For P[%d]",i);

for(j=0;j<resource;j++)
         {
            printf("\t");

scanf("%d",&instanc);

max[i][j]=instanc;               
         } 
     }     
    printf("\n\t Enter no. of instances already allocated to process of a resource:\n");

for(i=0;i<process;i++)
     {
        printf("\n\t For P[%d]\t",i);

for(j=0;j<resource;j++)
         {
            printf("\t\t");

scanf("%d",&instanc);

allot[i][j]=instanc;

need[i][j]=max[i][j]-allot[i][j];       //calculating Need of each process
         }  
    } 
    printf("\n\t Safe Sequence is:- \t");

while(count1!=process)
    {
    count2=count1;

for(i=0;i<process;i++)
     {

for(j=0;j<resource;j++)
        {
            if(need[i][j]<=avail[j])
              {
                 k++;
              }   
            
        }     
        if(k==resource && completed[i]==0 )
         {
           printf("P[%d]\t",i);

completed[i]=1;

for(j=0;j<resource;j++)
             {
            
               avail[j]=avail[j]+allot[i][j];
           
             }  
             count1++;
             
         }
         k=0;
       } 
 
         if(count1==count2)
         {
         printf("\t\t Stop ..After this.....Deadlock \n");

break; 
       }  
 }
   getch();
}

</script></span>

<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">         </span></i></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #93c47d; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Output:</span>-</span></h3></div><div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjURU779nuuB9ZhJr_U3w1E_CyVAPcpdJUcuDv9GcLG7PoLgstBen3GTC1BkGvBhZmvPUvSkRTH39f2B7AsqlGvtOgKWilSx7UdxtUDc3KVLTHaxCaL8Xp0239aTZaaSU729MWiMW_DJGGe/s1600/banker.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="617" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjURU779nuuB9ZhJr_U3w1E_CyVAPcpdJUcuDv9GcLG7PoLgstBen3GTC1BkGvBhZmvPUvSkRTH39f2B7AsqlGvtOgKWilSx7UdxtUDc3KVLTHaxCaL8Xp0239aTZaaSU729MWiMW_DJGGe/s640/banker.png" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Banker's Algorithm</td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: Bitter, serif, sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 19.1875px;">If you want to share more information about topic discussed above or find anything incorrect Please do comments.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Bitter, serif, sans-serif; font-size: large;">  </span></div><div>
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Program For Banker's Algorithm (Safety Sequence) in C[How to]

Banker's Algorithm Goal:- C program For Banker's Algorithm. Method:- Simple Rules Of Banker Algorithm. Explanation:- Banker'...

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